Publication of April 5th 2022 Research articleTransition pathwaysThe economic implications of a protein transitionThe protein transition, defined as the rebalancing between animal and alternative proteins in diets, is presented as a solution to mitigate the harmful effects of cattle production on the environment. We discuss the implications of such a transition on current livestock farms.Beef meat sectorDairy sectorMeadows and pastureBelgiumEconomic viabilityEnvironmental footprintEuropeFeedPathwaysProtein transitionWallonia